Building Quarkus apps with Maven

Creating a new project

With Maven, you can scaffold a new project with:

mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:0.27.0:create \
    -DprojectGroupId=my-groupId \
    -DprojectArtifactId=my-artifactId \
    -DprojectVersion=my-version \
    -DclassName="org.my.group.MyResource"

If you just launch mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:0.27.0:create the Maven plugin asks for user inputs. You can disable (and use default values) this interactive mode by passing -B to the Maven command.

The following table lists the attributes you can pass to the create command:

Attribute Default Value Description

Attribute	Default Value	Description
`projectGroupId`	`org.acme.sample`	The group id of the created project
`projectArtifactId`	mandatory	The artifact id of the created project. Not passing it triggers the interactive mode.
`projectVersion`	`1.0-SNAPSHOT`	The version of the created project
`className`	Not created if omitted	The fully qualified name of the generated resource
`path`	`/hello`	The resource path, only relevant if `className` is set.
`extensions`	[]	The list of extensions to add to the project (comma-separated)

projectGroupId

org.acme.sample

The group id of the created project

projectArtifactId

mandatory

The artifact id of the created project. Not passing it triggers the interactive mode.

projectVersion

1.0-SNAPSHOT

The version of the created project

className

Not created if omitted

The fully qualified name of the generated resource

path

/hello

The resource path, only relevant if className is set.

extensions

[]

The list of extensions to add to the project (comma-separated)

If you decide to generate a REST resource (using the className attribute), the endpoint is exposed at: http://localhost:8080/$path. If you use the default path, the URL is: http://localhost:8080/hello.

The project is either generated in the current directory or in a directory named after the passed artifactId. If the current directory is empty, the project is generated in-place.

A pair of Dockerfiles for native and jvm mode are also generated in src/main/docker. Instructions to build the image and run the container are written in those Dockerfiles.

Dealing with extensions

From inside a Quarkus project, you can obtain a list of the available extensions with:

./mvnw quarkus:list-extensions

You can enable an extension using:

./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="hibernate-validator"

Extensions are passed using a comma-separated list.

The extension name is the GAV name of the extension: e.g. io.quarkus:quarkus-agroal. But you can pass a partial name and Quarkus will do its best to find the right extension. For example, agroal, Agroal or agro will expand to io.quarkus:quarkus-agroal. If no extension is found or if more than one extensions match, you will see a red check mark ❌ in the command result.

$ ./mvnw quarkus:add-extensions -Dextensions=jdbc,agroal,non-exist-ent
[...]
❌ Multiple extensions matching 'jdbc'
     * io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-h2
     * io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-mariadb
     * io.quarkus:quarkus-jdbc-postgresql
     Be more specific e.g using the exact name or the full gav.
✅ Adding extension io.quarkus:quarkus-agroal
❌ Cannot find a dependency matching 'non-exist-ent', maybe a typo?
[...]

You can install all extensions which match a globbing pattern :

./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="hibernate-*"

Development mode

Quarkus comes with a built-in development mode. Run your application with:

./mvnw compile quarkus:dev

You can then update the application sources, resources and configurations. The changes are automatically reflected in your running application. This is great to do development spanning UI and database as you see changes reflected immediately.

quarkus:dev enables hot deployment with background compilation, which means that when you modify your Java files or your resource files and refresh your browser these changes will automatically take effect. This works too for resource files like the configuration property file. The act of refreshing the browser triggers a scan of the workspace, and if any changes are detected the Java files are compiled, and the application is redeployed, then your request is serviced by the redeployed application. If there are any issues with compilation or deployment an error page will let you know.

Hit CTRL+C to stop the application.

Remote Development Mode

It is possible to use development mode remotely, so that you can run Quarkus in a container environment (such as Openshift) and have changes made to your local files become immediately visible.

This allows you to develop in the same environment you will actually run your app in, and with access to the same services.

Do not use this in production. This should only be used in a development environment. You should not run production application in dev mode.

To do this you must have the quarkus-undertow-websockets extension installed:

./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="undertow-websockets"

You must also have the following config properties set:

quarkus.live-reload.password
quarkus.live-reload.url

These can be set via application.properties, or any other way (e.g. system properties, environment vars etc). The password must be set on both the local and remote processes, while the url only needs to be set on the local host.

Start Quarkus in dev mode on the remote host. Now you need to connect your local agent to the remote host:

./mvnw quarkus:remote-dev -Dquarkus.live-reload.url=http://my-remote-host:8080

Now every time you refresh the browser you should see any changes you have made locally immediately visible in the remote app.

Configuring Development Mode

By default, the Maven plugin picks up compiler flags to pass to javac from maven-compiler-plugin.

If you need to customize the compiler flags used in development mode, add a configuration section to the plugin block and set the compilerArgs property just as you would when configuring maven-compiler-plugin. You can also set source, target, and jvmArgs. For example, to pass --enable-preview to both the JVM and javac:

<plugin>
  <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
  <artifactId>quarkus-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>${quarkus.version}</version>

  <configuration>
    <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
    <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
    <compilerArgs>
      <arg>--enable-preview</arg>
    </compilerArgs>
    <jvmArgs>--enable-preview</jvmArgs>
  </configuration>

  ...
</plugin>

Debugging

In development mode, Quarkus starts by default with debug mode enabled, listening to port 5005 without suspending the JVM.

This behavior can be changed by giving the debug system property one of the following values:

false - the JVM will start with debug mode disabled
true - The JVM is started in debug mode and will be listening on port 5005
client - the JVM will start in client mode and attempt to connect to localhost:5005
{port} - The JVM is started in debug mode and will be listening on {port}

An additional system property suspend can be used to suspend the JVM, when launched in debug mode. suspend supports the following values:

y or true - The debug mode JVM launch is suspended
n or false - The debug mode JVM is started without suspending

You can also run a Quarkus application in debug mode with a suspended JVM using ./mvnw compile quarkus:dev -Ddebug which is a shorthand for ./mvnw compile quarkus:dev -Ddebug=true.

Then, attach your debugger to localhost:5005.

Import in your IDE

Once you have a project generated, you can import it in your favorite IDE. The only requirement is the ability to import a Maven project.

Eclipse

In Eclipse, click on: File → Import. In the wizard, select: Maven → Existing Maven Project. On the next screen, select the root location of the project. The next screen list the found modules; select the generated project and click on Finish. Done!

In a separated terminal, run ./mvnw compile quarkus:dev, and enjoy a highly productive environment.

IntelliJ

In IntelliJ:

From inside IntelliJ select File → New → Project From Existing Sources… or, if you are on the welcome dialog, select Import project.
Select the project root
Select Import project from external model and Maven
Next a few times (review the different options if needed)
On the last screen click on Finish

In a separated terminal or in the embedded terminal, run ./mvnw compile quarkus:dev. Enjoy!

Apache Netbeans

In Netbeans:

Select File → Open Project
Select the project root
Click on Open Project

In a separated terminal or the embedded terminal, go to the project root and run ./mvnw compile quarkus:dev. Enjoy!

Visual Studio Code

Open the project directory in VS Code. If you have installed the Java Extension Pack (grouping a set of Java extensions), the project is loaded as a Maven project.

Logging Quarkus application build classpath tree

Usually, dependencies of an application (which is a Maven project) could be displayed using mvn dependency:tree command. In case of a Quarkus application, however, this command will list only the runtime dependencies of the application. Given that the Quarkus build process adds deployment dependencies of the extensions used in the application to the original application classpath, it could be useful to know which dependencies and which versions end up on the build classpath. Luckily, the quarkus-bootstrap Maven plugin includes the build-tree goal which displays the build dependency tree for the application.

To be able to use it, the following plugin configuration has to be added to the pom.xml:

            <plugin>
                <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
                <artifactId>quarkus-bootstrap-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${quarkus.version}</version>
            </plugin>

Now you should be able to execute ./mvnw quarkus-bootstrap:build-tree on your project and see something like:

[INFO] --- quarkus-bootstrap-maven-plugin:0.27.0:build-tree (default-cli) @ getting-started ---
[INFO] org.acme:getting-started:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] └─ io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-deployment:jar:0.27.0 (compile)
[INFO]    ├─ io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-server-common-deployment:jar:0.27.0 (compile)
[INFO]    │  ├─ io.quarkus:quarkus-core-deployment:jar:0.27.0 (compile)
[INFO]    │  │  ├─ commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils:jar:1.9.3 (compile)
[INFO]    │  │  │  ├─ commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.2 (compile)
[INFO]    │  │  │  └─ commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.2 (compile)
...

Building a native executable

Native executables make Quarkus applications ideal for containers and serverless workloads.

Make sure to have GRAALVM_HOME configured and pointing to GraalVM version 19.2.1. Verify that your pom.xml has the proper native profile (see Maven configuration).

Create a native executable using: ./mvnw package -Pnative. A native executable will be present in target/.

To run Integration Tests on the native executable, make sure to have the proper Maven plugin configured (see Maven configuration) and launch the verify goal.

./mvnw verify -Pnative
...
[quarkus-quickstart-runner:50955]     universe:     391.96 ms
[quarkus-quickstart-runner:50955]      (parse):     904.37 ms
[quarkus-quickstart-runner:50955]     (inline):   1,143.32 ms
[quarkus-quickstart-runner:50955]    (compile):   6,228.44 ms
[quarkus-quickstart-runner:50955]      compile:   9,130.58 ms
[quarkus-quickstart-runner:50955]        image:   2,101.42 ms
[quarkus-quickstart-runner:50955]        write:     803.18 ms
[quarkus-quickstart-runner:50955]      [total]:  33,520.15 ms
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-failsafe-plugin:2.22.0:integration-test (default) @ quarkus-quickstart-native ---
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running org.acme.quickstart.GreetingResourceIT
Executing [/Users/starksm/Dev/JBoss/Quarkus/starksm64-quarkus-quickstarts/getting-started-native/target/quarkus-quickstart-runner, -Dquarkus.http.port=8081, -Dtest.url=http://localhost:8081, -Dquarkus.log.file.path=target/quarkus.log]
2019-02-28 16:52:42,020 INFO  [io.quarkus] (main) Quarkus started in 0.007s. Listening on: http://localhost:8080
2019-02-28 16:52:42,021 INFO  [io.quarkus] (main) Installed features: [cdi, resteasy]
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 1.081 s - in org.acme.quickstart.GreetingResourceIT
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

...

Build a container friendly executable

The native executable will be specific to your operating system. To create an executable that will run in a container, use the following:

./mvnw package -Pnative -Dnative-image.docker-build=true

The produced executable will be a 64 bit Linux executable, so depending on your operating system it may no longer be runnable. However, it’s not an issue as we are going to copy it to a Docker container. Note that in this case the build itself runs in a Docker container too, so you don’t need to have GraalVM installed locally.

You can follow the Build a native executable guide as well as Deploying Application to Kubernetes and OpenShift for more information.

Maven configuration

If you have not used project scaffolding, add the following elements in your pom.xml

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency> (1)
            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
            <artifactId>quarkus-bom</artifactId>
            <version>${quarkus.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin> (2)
            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
            <artifactId>quarkus-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${quarkus.version}</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>build</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

<profiles>
    <profile> (3)
        <id>native</id>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin> (3)
                    <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
                    <artifactId>quarkus-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${quarkus.version}</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>native-image</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <enableHttpUrlHandler>true</enableHttpUrlHandler>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
                <plugin> (4)
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>integration-test</goal>
                                <goal>verify</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <systemProperties>
                                    <native.image.path>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}-runner</native.image.path>
                                </systemProperties>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </profile>
</profiles>

1	Optionally use a BOM file to omit the version of the different Quarkus dependencies.
2	Use the Quarkus Maven plugin that will hook into the build process
3	Use a native profile and plugin to activate GraalVM compilation
4	If you want to test your native executable with Integration Tests, add the following plugin configuration. Test names `*IT` and annotated `@NativeImageTest` will be run against the native executable. See the Native executable guide for more info.

Uber-Jar Creation

Quarkus Maven plugin supports the generation of Uber-Jars by specifying a quarkus.package.uber-jar=true configuration option in your application.properties.

The original jar will still be present in the target directory but it will be renamed to contain the .original suffix.

When building an Uber-Jar you can specify entries that you want to exclude from the generated jar by using the quarkus.package.ignored-entries configuration option, this takes a comma seperated list of entries to ignore.

Uber-Jar creation by default excludes signature files that might be present in the dependencies of the application.

Uber-Jar’s final name is configurable via a Maven’s build settings finalName option.

Custom test configuration profile in JVM mode

By default, Quarkus tests in JVM mode are run using the test configuration profile. If you are not familiar with Quarkus configuration profiles, everything you need to know is explained in the Configuration Profiles Documentation.

It is however possible to use a custom configuration profile for your tests with the Maven Surefire and Maven Failsafe configurations shown below. This can be useful if you need for example to run some tests using a specific database which is not your default testing database.

<project>
  [...]
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
        <configuration>
          <systemPropertyVariables>
            <quarkus.test.profile>foo</quarkus.test.profile> (1)
            <buildDirectory>${project.build.directory}</buildDirectory>
            [...]
          </systemPropertyVariables>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>${failsafe-plugin.version}</version>
        <configuration>
          <systemPropertyVariables>
            <quarkus.test.profile>foo</quarkus.test.profile> (1)
            <buildDirectory>${project.build.directory}</buildDirectory>
            [...]
          </systemPropertyVariables>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  [...]
</project>

1	The `foo` configuration profile will be used to run the tests.

It is not possible to use a custom test configuration profile in native mode for now. Native tests are always run using the prod profile.