This guide demonstrates how to use Quarkus OpenID Connect Extension to protect your JAX-RS applications using Bearer Token Authorization where Bearer Tokens are issued by OpenId Connect and OAuth 2.0 compliant Authorization Servers such as Keycloak.
Bearer Token Authorization is the process of authorizing HTTP requests based on the existence and validity of a Bearer Token which provides valuable information to determine the subject of the call as well as whether or not an HTTP resource can be accessed.
Please read the Using OpenID Connect to Protect Web Applications guide if you need to authenticate and authorize the users using OpenId Connect Authorization Code Flow.
If you use Keycloak and Bearer tokens then also see the Using Keycloak to Centralize Authorization guide.
Please read the Using OpenID Connect Multi-Tenancy guide how to support multiple tenants.
Prerequisites
To complete this guide, you need:
-
less than 15 minutes
-
an IDE
-
JDK 1.8+ installed with
JAVA_HOME
configured appropriately -
Apache Maven 3.6.3
-
Docker
Architecture
In this example, we build a very simple microservice which offers three endpoints:
-
/api/users/me
-
/api/admin
These endpoints are protected and can only be accessed if a client is sending a bearer token along with the request, which must be valid (e.g.: signature, expiration and audience) and trusted by the microservice.
The bearer token is issued by a Keycloak Server and represents the subject to which the token was issued for. For being an OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server, the token also references the client acting on behalf of the user.
The /api/users/me
endpoint can be accessed by any user with a valid token. As a response, it returns a JSON document with details about the user where these details are obtained from the information carried on the token.
The /api/admin
endpoint is protected with RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) where only users granted with the admin
role can access. At this endpoint, we use the @RolesAllowed
annotation to declaratively enforce the access constraint.
Solution
We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.
Clone the Git repository: git clone https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-quickstarts.git
, or download an archive.
The solution is located in the security-openid-connect-quickstart
directory.
Creating the Maven Project
First, we need a new project. Create a new project with the following command:
mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:1.13.3.Final:create \
-DprojectGroupId=org.acme \
-DprojectArtifactId=security-openid-connect-quickstart \
-Dextensions="resteasy,oidc,resteasy-jackson" \
-DnoExamples
cd security-openid-connect-quickstart
This command generates a Maven project, importing the keycloak
extension
which is an implementation of a Keycloak Adapter for Quarkus applications and provides all the necessary capabilities to integrate with a Keycloak Server and perform bearer token authorization.
If you already have your Quarkus project configured, you can add the oidc
extension
to your project by running the following command in your project base directory:
./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="oidc"
This will add the following to your pom.xml
:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
<artifactId>quarkus-oidc</artifactId>
</dependency>
Writing the application
Let’s start by implementing the /api/users/me
endpoint. As you can see from the source code below it is just a regular JAX-RS resource:
package org.acme.security.openid.connect;
import javax.annotation.security.RolesAllowed;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.cache.NoCache;
import io.quarkus.security.identity.SecurityIdentity;
@Path("/api/users")
public class UsersResource {
@Inject
SecurityIdentity securityIdentity;
@GET
@Path("/me")
@RolesAllowed("user")
@NoCache
public User me() {
return new User(securityIdentity);
}
public static class User {
private final String userName;
User(SecurityIdentity securityIdentity) {
this.userName = securityIdentity.getPrincipal().getName();
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
}
}
The source code for the /api/admin
endpoint is also very simple. The main difference here is that we are using a @RolesAllowed
annotation to make sure that only users granted with the admin
role can access the endpoint:
package org.acme.security.openid.connect;
import javax.annotation.security.RolesAllowed;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
@Path("/api/admin")
public class AdminResource {
@GET
@RolesAllowed("admin")
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public String admin() {
return "granted";
}
}
Injection of the SecurityIdentity
is supported in both @RequestScoped
and @ApplicationScoped
contexts.
Accessing JWT claims
If you need to access JsonWebToken
claims, you may simply inject the token itself:
package org.acme.security.openid.connect;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.jwt.JsonWebToken;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.annotation.security.RolesAllowed;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
@Path("/api/admin")
public class AdminResource {
@Inject
JsonWebToken jwt;
@GET
@RolesAllowed("admin")
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public String admin() {
return "Access for subject " + jwt.getSubject() + " is granted";
}
}
Injection of the JsonWebToken
is supported in both @RequestScoped
and @ApplicationScoped
contexts.
Configuring the application
The OpenID Connect extension allows you to define the adapter configuration using the application.properties
file which should be located at the src/main/resources
directory.
Configuring using the application.properties file
Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime
Type |
Default |
|
---|---|---|
If the OIDC extension is enabled. |
boolean |
|
The base URL of the OpenID Connect (OIDC) server, for example, |
string |
|
Enables OIDC discovery. If the discovery is disabled then the 'token-path' property must be configured. |
boolean |
|
Relative path of the OIDC token endpoint which issues access and refresh tokens using either 'client_credentials' or 'password' grants |
string |
|
The client-id of the application. Each application has a client-id that is used to identify the application |
string |
|
The maximum amount of time connecting to the currently unavailable OIDC server will be attempted for. The number of times the connection request will be repeated is calculated by dividing the value of this property by 2. For example, setting it to |
||
The amount of time after which the connection request to the currently unavailable OIDC server will time out. |
|
|
Client secret which is used for a |
string |
|
The client secret |
string |
|
Authentication method. |
|
|
If provided, indicates that JWT is signed using a secret key |
string |
|
If provided, indicates that JWT is signed using a private key in PEM or JWK format |
string |
|
If provided, indicates that JWT is signed using a private key from a key store |
string |
|
A parameter to specify the password of the key store file. If not given, the default ("password") is used. |
string |
|
The private key id/alias |
string |
|
The private key password |
string |
|
JWT life-span in seconds. It will be added to the time it was issued at to calculate the expiration time. |
int |
|
The host (name or IP address) of the Proxy. Note: If OIDC adapter needs to use a Proxy to talk with OIDC server (Provider), then at least the "host" config item must be configured to enable the usage of a Proxy. |
string |
|
The port number of the Proxy. Default value is 80. |
int |
|
The username, if Proxy needs authentication. |
string |
|
The password, if Proxy needs authentication. |
string |
|
Certificate validation and hostname verification, which can be one of the following values from enum |
|
|
A unique tenant identifier. It must be set by |
string |
|
If this tenant configuration is enabled. |
boolean |
|
The application type, which can be one of the following values from enum |
|
|
Relative path of the OIDC authorization endpoint which authenticates the users. This property must be set for the 'web-app' applications if OIDC discovery is disabled. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Relative path of the OIDC userinfo endpoint. This property must only be set for the 'web-app' applications if OIDC discovery is disabled and 'authentication.user-info-required' property is enabled. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Relative path of the OIDC RFC7662 introspection endpoint which can introspect both opaque and JWT tokens. This property must be set if OIDC discovery is disabled and 1) the opaque bearer access tokens have to be verified or 2) JWT tokens have to be verified while the cached JWK verification set with no matching JWK is being refreshed. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Relative path of the OIDC JWKS endpoint which returns a JSON Web Key Verification Set. This property should be set if OIDC discovery is disabled and the local JWT verification is required. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Relative path of the OIDC end_session_endpoint. This property must be set if OIDC discovery is disabled and RP Initiated Logout support for the 'web-app' applications is required. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Public key for the local JWT token verification. OIDC server connection will not be created when this property is set. |
string |
|
Path to the claim containing an array of groups. It starts from the top level JWT JSON object and can contain multiple segments where each segment represents a JSON object name only, example: "realm/groups". Use double quotes with the namespace qualified claim names. This property can be used if a token has no 'groups' claim but has the groups set in a different claim. |
string |
|
Separator for splitting a string which may contain multiple group values. It will only be used if the "role-claim-path" property points to a custom claim whose value is a string. A single space will be used by default because the standard 'scope' claim may contain a space separated sequence. |
string |
|
Source of the principal roles. |
|
|
Expected issuer 'iss' claim value. Note this property overrides the |
string |
|
Expected audience 'aud' claim value which may be a string or an array of strings. |
list of string |
|
Expected token type |
string |
|
Life span grace period in seconds. When checking token expiry, current time is allowed to be later than token expiration time by at most the configured number of seconds. When checking token issuance, current time is allowed to be sooner than token issue time by at most the configured number of seconds. |
int |
|
Name of the claim which contains a principal name. By default, the 'upn', 'preferred_username' and |
string |
|
Refresh expired ID tokens. If this property is enabled then a refresh token request will be performed if the ID token has expired and, if successful, the local session will be updated with the new set of tokens. Otherwise, the local session will be invalidated and the user redirected to the OpenID Provider to re-authenticate. In this case the user may not be challenged again if the OIDC provider session is still active. For this option be effective the |
boolean |
|
Refresh token time skew in seconds. If this property is enabled then the configured number of seconds is added to the current time when checking whether the access token should be refreshed. If the sum is greater than this access token’s expiration time then a refresh is going to happen. This property will be ignored if the 'refresh-expired' property is not enabled. |
||
Forced JWK set refresh interval in minutes. |
|
|
Custom HTTP header that contains a bearer token. This option is valid only when the application is of type |
string |
|
Allow the remote introspection of JWT tokens when no matching JWK key is available. Note this property is set to 'true' by default for backward-compatibility reasons and will be set to |
boolean |
|
The relative path of the logout endpoint at the application. If provided, the application is able to initiate the logout through this endpoint in conformance with the OpenID Connect RP-Initiated Logout specification. |
string |
|
Relative path of the application endpoint where the user should be redirected to after logging out from the OpenID Connect Provider. This endpoint URI must be properly registered at the OpenID Connect Provider as a valid redirect URI. |
string |
|
Relative path for calculating a "redirect_uri" query parameter. It has to start from a forward slash and will be appended to the request URI’s host and port. For example, if the current request URI is 'https://localhost:8080/service' then a 'redirect_uri' parameter will be set to 'https://localhost:8080/' if this property is set to '/' and be the same as the request URI if this property has not been configured. Note the original request URI will be restored after the user has authenticated if 'restorePathAfterRedirect' is set to 'true'. |
string |
|
If this property is set to 'true' then the original request URI which was used before the authentication will be restored after the user has been redirected back to the application. Note if |
boolean |
|
Remove the query parameters such as 'code' and 'state' set by the OIDC server on the redirect URI after the user has authenticated by redirecting a user to the same URI but without the query parameters. |
boolean |
|
Both ID and access tokens are fetched from the OIDC provider as part of the authorization code flow. ID token is always verified on every user request as the primary token which is used to represent the principal and extract the roles. Access token is not verified by default since it is meant to be propagated to the downstream services. The verification of the access token should be enabled if it is injected as a JWT token. Access tokens obtained as part of the code flow will always be verified if |
boolean |
|
Force 'https' as the 'redirect_uri' parameter scheme when running behind an SSL terminating reverse proxy. This property, if enabled, will also affect the logout |
boolean |
|
List of scopes |
list of string |
|
If enabled the state, session and post logout cookies will have their 'secure' parameter set to 'true' when HTTP is used. It may be necessary when running behind an SSL terminating reverse proxy. The cookies will always be secure if HTTPS is used even if this property is set to false. |
boolean |
|
Cookie path parameter value which, if set, will be used to set a path parameter for the session, state and post logout cookies. The |
string |
|
Cookie path header parameter value which, if set, identifies the incoming HTTP header whose value will be used to set a path parameter for the session, state and post logout cookies. If the header is missing then the |
string |
|
Cookie domain parameter value which, if set, will be used for the session, state and post logout cookies. |
string |
|
If this property is set to 'true' then an OIDC UserInfo endpoint will be called |
boolean |
|
Session age extension in minutes. The user session age property is set to the value of the ID token life-span by default and the user will be redirected to the OIDC provider to re-authenticate once the session has expired. If this property is set to a non-zero value then the expired ID token can be refreshed before the session has expired. This property will be ignored if the |
|
|
If this property is set to 'true' then a normal 302 redirect response will be returned if the request was initiated via JavaScript API such as XMLHttpRequest or Fetch and the current user needs to be (re)authenticated which may not be desirable for Single Page Applications since it automatically following the redirect may not work given that OIDC authorization endpoints typically do not support CORS. If this property is set to |
boolean |
|
Default TokenStateManager strategy. |
|
|
Default TokenStateManager keeps all tokens (ID, access and refresh) returned in the authorization code grant response in a single session cookie by default. Enable this property to minimize a session cookie size |
boolean |
|
Additional properties which will be added as the query parameters to the authentication redirect URI. |
|
|
Type |
Default |
|
The base URL of the OpenID Connect (OIDC) server, for example, |
string |
|
Enables OIDC discovery. If the discovery is disabled then the 'token-path' property must be configured. |
boolean |
|
Relative path of the OIDC token endpoint which issues access and refresh tokens using either 'client_credentials' or 'password' grants |
string |
|
The client-id of the application. Each application has a client-id that is used to identify the application |
string |
|
The maximum amount of time connecting to the currently unavailable OIDC server will be attempted for. The number of times the connection request will be repeated is calculated by dividing the value of this property by 2. For example, setting it to |
||
The amount of time after which the connection request to the currently unavailable OIDC server will time out. |
|
|
Client secret which is used for a |
string |
|
The client secret |
string |
|
Authentication method. |
|
|
If provided, indicates that JWT is signed using a secret key |
string |
|
If provided, indicates that JWT is signed using a private key in PEM or JWK format |
string |
|
If provided, indicates that JWT is signed using a private key from a key store |
string |
|
A parameter to specify the password of the key store file. If not given, the default ("password") is used. |
string |
|
The private key id/alias |
string |
|
The private key password |
string |
|
JWT life-span in seconds. It will be added to the time it was issued at to calculate the expiration time. |
int |
|
The host (name or IP address) of the Proxy. Note: If OIDC adapter needs to use a Proxy to talk with OIDC server (Provider), then at least the "host" config item must be configured to enable the usage of a Proxy. |
string |
|
The port number of the Proxy. Default value is 80. |
int |
|
The username, if Proxy needs authentication. |
string |
|
The password, if Proxy needs authentication. |
string |
|
Certificate validation and hostname verification, which can be one of the following values from enum |
|
|
A unique tenant identifier. It must be set by |
string |
|
If this tenant configuration is enabled. |
boolean |
|
The application type, which can be one of the following values from enum |
|
|
Relative path of the OIDC authorization endpoint which authenticates the users. This property must be set for the 'web-app' applications if OIDC discovery is disabled. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Relative path of the OIDC userinfo endpoint. This property must only be set for the 'web-app' applications if OIDC discovery is disabled and 'authentication.user-info-required' property is enabled. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Relative path of the OIDC RFC7662 introspection endpoint which can introspect both opaque and JWT tokens. This property must be set if OIDC discovery is disabled and 1) the opaque bearer access tokens have to be verified or 2) JWT tokens have to be verified while the cached JWK verification set with no matching JWK is being refreshed. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Relative path of the OIDC JWKS endpoint which returns a JSON Web Key Verification Set. This property should be set if OIDC discovery is disabled and the local JWT verification is required. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Relative path of the OIDC end_session_endpoint. This property must be set if OIDC discovery is disabled and RP Initiated Logout support for the 'web-app' applications is required. This property will be ignored if the discovery is enabled. |
string |
|
Public key for the local JWT token verification. OIDC server connection will not be created when this property is set. |
string |
|
Path to the claim containing an array of groups. It starts from the top level JWT JSON object and can contain multiple segments where each segment represents a JSON object name only, example: "realm/groups". Use double quotes with the namespace qualified claim names. This property can be used if a token has no 'groups' claim but has the groups set in a different claim. |
string |
|
Separator for splitting a string which may contain multiple group values. It will only be used if the "role-claim-path" property points to a custom claim whose value is a string. A single space will be used by default because the standard 'scope' claim may contain a space separated sequence. |
string |
|
Source of the principal roles. |
|
|
Expected issuer 'iss' claim value. Note this property overrides the |
string |
|
Expected audience 'aud' claim value which may be a string or an array of strings. |
list of string |
|
Expected token type |
string |
|
Life span grace period in seconds. When checking token expiry, current time is allowed to be later than token expiration time by at most the configured number of seconds. When checking token issuance, current time is allowed to be sooner than token issue time by at most the configured number of seconds. |
int |
|
Name of the claim which contains a principal name. By default, the 'upn', 'preferred_username' and |
string |
|
Refresh expired ID tokens. If this property is enabled then a refresh token request will be performed if the ID token has expired and, if successful, the local session will be updated with the new set of tokens. Otherwise, the local session will be invalidated and the user redirected to the OpenID Provider to re-authenticate. In this case the user may not be challenged again if the OIDC provider session is still active. For this option be effective the |
boolean |
|
Refresh token time skew in seconds. If this property is enabled then the configured number of seconds is added to the current time when checking whether the access token should be refreshed. If the sum is greater than this access token’s expiration time then a refresh is going to happen. This property will be ignored if the 'refresh-expired' property is not enabled. |
||
Forced JWK set refresh interval in minutes. |
|
|
Custom HTTP header that contains a bearer token. This option is valid only when the application is of type |
string |
|
Allow the remote introspection of JWT tokens when no matching JWK key is available. Note this property is set to 'true' by default for backward-compatibility reasons and will be set to |
boolean |
|
The relative path of the logout endpoint at the application. If provided, the application is able to initiate the logout through this endpoint in conformance with the OpenID Connect RP-Initiated Logout specification. |
string |
|
Relative path of the application endpoint where the user should be redirected to after logging out from the OpenID Connect Provider. This endpoint URI must be properly registered at the OpenID Connect Provider as a valid redirect URI. |
string |
|
Relative path for calculating a "redirect_uri" query parameter. It has to start from a forward slash and will be appended to the request URI’s host and port. For example, if the current request URI is 'https://localhost:8080/service' then a 'redirect_uri' parameter will be set to 'https://localhost:8080/' if this property is set to '/' and be the same as the request URI if this property has not been configured. Note the original request URI will be restored after the user has authenticated if 'restorePathAfterRedirect' is set to 'true'. |
string |
|
If this property is set to 'true' then the original request URI which was used before the authentication will be restored after the user has been redirected back to the application. Note if |
boolean |
|
Remove the query parameters such as 'code' and 'state' set by the OIDC server on the redirect URI after the user has authenticated by redirecting a user to the same URI but without the query parameters. |
boolean |
|
Both ID and access tokens are fetched from the OIDC provider as part of the authorization code flow. ID token is always verified on every user request as the primary token which is used to represent the principal and extract the roles. Access token is not verified by default since it is meant to be propagated to the downstream services. The verification of the access token should be enabled if it is injected as a JWT token. Access tokens obtained as part of the code flow will always be verified if |
boolean |
|
Force 'https' as the 'redirect_uri' parameter scheme when running behind an SSL terminating reverse proxy. This property, if enabled, will also affect the logout |
boolean |
|
List of scopes |
list of string |
|
Additional properties which will be added as the query parameters to the authentication redirect URI. |
|
|
If enabled the state, session and post logout cookies will have their 'secure' parameter set to 'true' when HTTP is used. It may be necessary when running behind an SSL terminating reverse proxy. The cookies will always be secure if HTTPS is used even if this property is set to false. |
boolean |
|
Cookie path parameter value which, if set, will be used to set a path parameter for the session, state and post logout cookies. The |
string |
|
Cookie path header parameter value which, if set, identifies the incoming HTTP header whose value will be used to set a path parameter for the session, state and post logout cookies. If the header is missing then the |
string |
|
Cookie domain parameter value which, if set, will be used for the session, state and post logout cookies. |
string |
|
If this property is set to 'true' then an OIDC UserInfo endpoint will be called |
boolean |
|
Session age extension in minutes. The user session age property is set to the value of the ID token life-span by default and the user will be redirected to the OIDC provider to re-authenticate once the session has expired. If this property is set to a non-zero value then the expired ID token can be refreshed before the session has expired. This property will be ignored if the |
|
|
If this property is set to 'true' then a normal 302 redirect response will be returned if the request was initiated via JavaScript API such as XMLHttpRequest or Fetch and the current user needs to be (re)authenticated which may not be desirable for Single Page Applications since it automatically following the redirect may not work given that OIDC authorization endpoints typically do not support CORS. If this property is set to |
boolean |
|
Default TokenStateManager strategy. |
|
|
Default TokenStateManager keeps all tokens (ID, access and refresh) returned in the authorization code grant response in a single session cookie by default. Enable this property to minimize a session cookie size |
boolean |
|
About the Duration format
The format for durations uses the standard You can also provide duration values starting with a number.
In this case, if the value consists only of a number, the converter treats the value as seconds.
Otherwise, |
Example configuration:
quarkus.oidc.auth-server-url=http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus
quarkus.oidc.client-id=backend-service
Configuring CORS
If you plan to consume this application from another application running on a different domain, you will need to configure CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing). Please read the HTTP CORS documentation for more details.
Starting and Configuring the Keycloak Server
To start a Keycloak Server you can use Docker and just run the following command:
docker run --name keycloak -e KEYCLOAK_USER=admin -e KEYCLOAK_PASSWORD=admin -p 8180:8080 quay.io/keycloak/keycloak:12.0.3
You should be able to access your Keycloak Server at localhost:8180/auth.
Log in as the admin
user to access the Keycloak Administration Console. Username should be admin
and password admin
.
Import the realm configuration file to create a new realm. For more details, see the Keycloak documentation about how to create a new realm.
If you want to use the Keycloak Admin Client to configure your server from your application you need to include the
quarkus-keycloak-admin-client extension.
|
Running and Using the Application
Running in Developer Mode
To run the microservice in dev mode, use ./mvnw clean compile quarkus:dev
.
Running in JVM Mode
When you’re done playing with "dev-mode" you can run it as a standard Java application.
First compile it:
./mvnw package
Then run it:
java -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar
Running in Native Mode
This same demo can be compiled into native code: no modifications required.
This implies that you no longer need to install a JVM on your production environment, as the runtime technology is included in the produced binary, and optimized to run with minimal resource overhead.
Compilation will take a bit longer, so this step is disabled by default;
let’s build again by enabling the native
profile:
./mvnw package -Pnative
After getting a cup of coffee, you’ll be able to run this binary directly:
./target/security-openid-connect-quickstart-runner
Testing the Application
The application is using bearer token authorization and the first thing to do is obtain an access token from the Keycloak Server in order to access the application resources:
export access_token=$(\
curl -X POST http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus/protocol/openid-connect/token \
--user backend-service:secret \
-H 'content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \
-d 'username=alice&password=alice&grant_type=password' | jq --raw-output '.access_token' \
)
The example above obtains an access token for user alice
.
Any user is allowed to access the
http://localhost:8080/api/users/me
endpoint
which basically returns a JSON payload with details about the user.
curl -v -X GET \
http://localhost:8080/api/users/me \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$access_token
The http://localhost:8080/api/admin
endpoint can only be accessed by users with the admin
role. If you try to access this endpoint with the
previously issued access token, you should get a 403
response
from the server.
curl -v -X GET \
http://localhost:8080/api/admin \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$access_token
In order to access the admin endpoint you should obtain a token for the admin
user:
export access_token=$(\
curl -X POST http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus/protocol/openid-connect/token \
--user backend-service:secret \
-H 'content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \
-d 'username=admin&password=admin&grant_type=password' | jq --raw-output '.access_token' \
)
User Info
Set quarkus.oidc.user-info-required=true
if a UserInfo JSON object from the OIDC userinfo endpoint has to be requested.
A request will be sent to the OpenId Provider UserInfo endpoint and an io.quarkus.oidc.UserInfo
(a simple javax.json.JsonObject
wrapper) object will be created.
io.quarkus.oidc.UserInfo
can be either injected or accessed as a SecurityIdentity userinfo
attribute.
Configuration Metadata
The discovered OpenId Connect Configuration Metadata is represented by io.quarkus.oidc.OidcConfigurationMetadata
and can be either injected or accessed as a SecurityIdentity
configuration-metadata
attribute.
Token Claims And SecurityIdentity Roles
SecurityIdentity roles can be mapped from the verified JWT access tokens as follows:
-
If
quarkus.oidc.roles.role-claim-path
property is set and a matching array or string claim is found then the roles are extracted from this claim. For example,customroles
,customroles/array
,scope
,"http://namespace-qualified-custom-claim"/roles
,"http://namespace-qualified-roles"
, etc. -
If
groups
claim is available then its value is used -
If
realm_access/roles
orresource_access/client_id/roles
(whereclient_id
is the value of thequarkus.oidc.client-id
property) claim is available then its value is used. This check supports the tokens issued by Keycloak
If the token is opaque (binary) then a scope
property from the remote token introspection response will be used.
If UserInfo is the source of the roles then set quarkus.oidc.authentication.user-info-required=true
and quarkus.oidc.roles.source=userinfo
, and if needed, quarkus.oidc.roles.role-claim-path
.
Additionally a custom SecurityIdentityAugmentor
can also be used to add the roles as documented here.
Single Page Applications
Single Page Application (SPA) typically uses XMLHttpRequest
(XHR) and the Java Script utility code provided by the OpenId Connect provider to acquire a bearer token and use it
to access Quarkus service
applications.
For example, here is how you can use keycloak.js
to authenticate the users and refresh the expired tokens from the SPA:
<html>
<head>
<title>keycloak-spa</title>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://localhost:8180/auth/js/keycloak.js"></script>
<script>
var keycloak = new Keycloak();
keycloak.init({onLoad: 'login-required'}).success(function () {
console.log('User is now authenticated.');
}).error(function () {
window.location.reload();
});
function makeAjaxRequest() {
axios.get("/api/hello", {
headers: {
'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + keycloak.token
}
})
.then( function (response) {
console.log("Response: ", response.status);
}).catch(function (error) {
console.log('refreshing');
keycloak.updateToken(5).then(function () {
console.log('Token refreshed');
}).catch(function () {
console.log('Failed to refresh token');
window.location.reload();
});
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="makeAjaxRequest()">Request</button>
</body>
</html>
Provider Endpoint configuration
OIDC service
application needs to know OpenId Connect provider’s token, JsonWebKey
(JWK) set and possibly UserInfo
and introspection endpoint addresses.
By default they are discovered by adding a /.well-known/openid-configuration
path to the configured quarkus.oidc.auth-server-url
.
Alternatively, if the discovery endpoint is not available or you would like to save on the discovery endpoint roundtrip, you can disable the discovery and configure them with relative path values, for example:
quarkus.oidc.auth-server-url=http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus
quarkus.oidc.discovery-enabled=false
# Token endpoint: http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus/protocol/openid-connect/tokens
quarkus.oidc.token-path=/protocol/openid-connect/tokens
# JWK set endpoint: http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus/protocol/openid-connect/certs
quarkus.oidc.jwks-path=/protocol/openid-connect/certs
# UserInfo endoint: http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus/protocol/openid-connect/userinfo
quarkus.oidc.user-info-path=/protocol/openid-connect/userinfo
# Token Introspection endoint: http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus/protocol/openid-connect/tokens/introspect
quarkus.oidc.introspection-path=/protocol/openid-connect/tokens/introspect
JSON Web Token Claim Verification
Once the bearer JWT token’s signature has been verified and its expires at
(exp
) claim has been checked, the iss
(issuer
) claim value is verified next.
By default, the iss
claim value is compared to the issuer
property which may have been discovered in the well-known provider configuration.
But if quarkus.oidc.token.issuer
property is set then the iss
claim value is compared to it instead.
In some cases, this iss
claim verification may not work. For example, if the discovered issuer
property contains an internal HTTP/IP address while the token iss
claim value contains an external HTTP/IP address. Or when a discovered issuer
property contains the template tenant variable but the token iss
claim value has the complete tenant-specific issuer value.
In such cases you may want to consider skipping the issuer verification by setting quarkus.oidc.token.issuer=any
. Please note that it is not recommended and should be avoided unless no other options are available:
-
If you work with Keycloak and observe the issuer verification errors due to the different host addresses then configure Keycloak with a
KEYCLOAK_FRONTEND_URL
property to ensure the same host address is used. -
If the
iss
property is tenant specific in a multi-tenant deployment then you can use theSecurityIdentity
tenant-id
attribute to check the issuer is correct in the endpoint itself or the custom JAX-RS filter, for example:
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestContext;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestFilter;
import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.jwt.JsonWebToken;
import io.quarkus.oidc.OidcConfigurationMetadata;
import io.quarkus.security.identity.SecurityIdentity;
@Provider
public class IssuerValidator implements ContainerRequestFilter {
@Inject
OidcConfigurationMetadata configMetadata;
@Inject JsonWebToken jwt;
@Inject SecurityIdentity identity;
public void filter(ContainerRequestContext requestContext) {
String issuer = configMetadata.getIssuer().replace("{tenant-id}", identity.getAttribute("tenant-id"));
if (!issuer.equals(jwt.getIssuer())) {
requestContext.abortWith(Response.status(401).build());
}
}
}
Note it is also recommended to use quarkus.oidc.token.audience
property to verify the token aud
(audience
) claim value.
Token Propagation
Please see Token Propagation section about the Bearer access token propagation to the downstream services.
Testing
Wiremock
Add the following dependencies to your test project:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
<artifactId>quarkus-test-oidc-server</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
<artifactId>quarkus-junit5</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Prepare the REST test endpoint, set application.properties
, for example:
# keycloak.url is set by OidcWiremockTestResource
quarkus.oidc.auth-server-url=${keycloak.url}/realms/quarkus/
quarkus.oidc.client-id=quarkus-service-app
quarkus.oidc.application-type=service
# required to sign the tokens
smallrye.jwt.sign.key.location=privateKey.jwk
and finally write the test code, for example:
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import io.quarkus.test.common.QuarkusTestResource;
import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;
import io.quarkus.test.oidc.server.OidcWiremockTestResource;
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.smallrye.jwt.build.Jwt;
@QuarkusTest
@QuarkusTestResource(OidcWiremockTestResource.class)
public class BearerTokenAuthorizationTest {
@Test
public void testBearerToken() {
RestAssured.given().auth().oauth2(getAccessToken("alice", new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("user"))))
.when().get("/api/users/preferredUserName")
.then()
.statusCode(200)
// the test endpoint returns the name extracted from the injected SecurityIdentity Principal
.body("userName", equalTo("alice"));
}
private String getAccessToken(String userName, Set<String> groups) {
return Jwt.preferredUserName(userName)
.groups(groups)
.issuer("https://server.example.com")
.audience("https://service.example.com")
.jws()
.keyId("1")
.sign();
}
}
Testing your quarkus-oidc
service
application with OidcWiremockTestResource
provides the best coverage as even the communication channel is tested against the Wiremock HTTP stubs.
OidcWiremockTestResource
will be enhanced going forward to support more complex Bearer token test scenarios.
Local Public Key
You can also use a local inlined public key for testing your quarkus-oidc
service
applications:
quarkus.oidc.client-id=test
quarkus.oidc.public-key=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAlivFI8qB4D0y2jy0CfEqFyy46R0o7S8TKpsx5xbHKoU1VWg6QkQm+ntyIv1p4kE1sPEQO73+HY8+Bzs75XwRTYL1BmR1w8J5hmjVWjc6R2BTBGAYRPFRhor3kpM6ni2SPmNNhurEAHw7TaqszP5eUF/F9+KEBWkwVta+PZ37bwqSE4sCb1soZFrVz/UT/LF4tYpuVYt3YbqToZ3pZOZ9AX2o1GCG3xwOjkc4x0W7ezbQZdC9iftPxVHR8irOijJRRjcPDtA6vPKpzLl6CyYnsIYPd99ltwxTHjr3npfv/3Lw50bAkbT4HeLFxTx4flEoZLKO/g0bAoV2uqBhkA9xnQIDAQAB
smallrye.jwt.sign.key-location=/privateKey.pem
copy privateKey.pem
from the integration-tests/oidc-tenancy
in the main
Quarkus repository and use a test code similar to the one in the Wiremock
section above to generate JWT tokens. You can use your own test keys if preferred.
This approach provides a more limited coverage compared to the Wiremock approach - for example, the remote communication code is not covered.