This guide demonstrates how to use the OpenID Connect Extension to protect your application using Quarkus, where authentication and authorization are based on tokens issued by OpenId Connect and OAuth 2.0 compliant Authorization Servers such as Keycloak.

The extension allows you to easily enable authentication to your web application based on the Authorization Code Flow so that your users are redirected to a OpenID Connect Provider (e.g.: Keycloak) to authenticate and, once the authentication is complete, return back to your application.

We are going to give you a guideline on how to use OpenId Connect to authenticate users using the Quarkus OpenID Connect Extension.

Prerequisites

To complete this guide, you need:

  • less than 15 minutes

  • an IDE

  • JDK 1.8+ installed with JAVA_HOME configured appropriately

  • Apache Maven 3.6.3

  • jq tool

  • Docker

Architecture

In this example, we build a very simple web application with a single page:

  • /index.html

This page is protected and can only be accessed by authenticated users.

Solution

We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.

Clone the Git repository: git clone https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-quickstarts.git, or download an archive.

The solution is located in the security-openid-connect-web-authentication-quickstart directory.

Creating the Maven Project

First, we need a new project. Create a new project with the following command:

mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:1.6.0.CR1:create \
    -DprojectGroupId=org.acme \
    -DprojectArtifactId=security-openid-connect-web-authentication-quickstart \
    -Dextensions="oidc"
cd security-openid-connect-web-authentication-quickstart

If you already have your Quarkus project configured, you can add the oidc extension to your project by running the following command in your project base directory:

./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="oidc"

This will add the following to your pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
    <artifactId>quarkus-oidc</artifactId>
</dependency>

Configuring the application

The OpenID Connect extension allows you to define the configuration using the application.properties file which should be located at the src/main/resources directory.

Configuring using the application.properties file

quarkus.oidc.auth-server-url=http://localhost:8180/auth/realms/quarkus
quarkus.oidc.client-id=frontend
quarkus.oidc.application-type=web-app
quarkus.http.auth.permission.authenticated.paths=/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.authenticated.policy=authenticated

This is the simplest configuration you can have when enabling authentication to your application.

The quarkus.oidc.client-id property references the client_id issued by the OpenID Connect Provider and, in this case, the application is a public client (no client secret is defined).

The quarkus.oidc.application-type property is set to web-app in order to tell Quarkus that you want to enable the OpenID Connect Authorization Code Flow, so that your users are redirected to the OpenID Connect Provider to authenticate.

For last, the quarkus.http.auth.permission.authenticated permission is set to tell Quarkus about the paths you want to protect. In this case, all paths are being protected by a policy that ensures that only authenticated users are allowed to access. For more details check Security Guide.

Starting and Configuring the Keycloak Server

To start a Keycloak Server you can use Docker and just run the following command:

docker run --name keycloak -e KEYCLOAK_USER=admin -e KEYCLOAK_PASSWORD=admin -p 8180:8080 quay.io/keycloak/keycloak:10.0.2

You should be able to access your Keycloak Server at localhost:8180/auth.

Log in as the admin user to access the Keycloak Administration Console. Username should be admin and password admin.

Import the realm configuration file to create a new realm. For more details, see the Keycloak documentation about how to create a new realm.

Running and Using the Application

Running in Developer Mode

To run the microservice in dev mode, use ./mvnw clean compile quarkus:dev.

Running in JVM Mode

When you’re done playing with "dev-mode" you can run it as a standard Java application.

First compile it:

./mvnw package

Then run it:

java -jar ./target/security-openid-connect-web-authentication-quickstart-runner.jar

Running in Native Mode

This same demo can be compiled into native code: no modifications required.

This implies that you no longer need to install a JVM on your production environment, as the runtime technology is included in the produced binary, and optimized to run with minimal resource overhead.

Compilation will take a bit longer, so this step is disabled by default; let’s build again by enabling the native profile:

./mvnw package -Pnative

After getting a cup of coffee, you’ll be able to run this binary directly:

./target/security-openid-connect-web-authentication-quickstart-runner

Testing the Application

To test the application, you should open your browser and access the following URL:

If everything is working as expected, you should be redirected to the Keycloak server to authenticate.

In order to authenticate to the application you should type the following credentials when at the Keycloak login page:

  • Username: alice

  • Password: alice

After clicking the Login button you should be redirected back to the application.

Logout

By default the logout is based on the expiration time of the ID Token issued by the OpenID Connect Provider. When the ID Token expires, the current user session at the Quarkus endpoint is invalidated and the user is redirected to the OpenID Connect Provider again to authenticate. If the session at the OpenID Connect Provider is still active, users are automatically re-authenticated without having to provide their credentials again.

The current user session may be automatically extended by enabling a quarkus.oidc.token.refresh-expired property. If it is set to true then when the current ID Token expires a Refresh Token Grant will be used to refresh ID Token as well as Access and Refresh Tokens.

User-Initiated Logout

Users can request a logout by sending a request to the Quarkus endpoint logout path set with a quarkus.oidc.logout.path property. For example, if the endpoint address is https://application.com/webapp and the quarkus.oidc.logout.path is set to "/logout" then the logout request has to be sent to https://application.com/webapp/logout.

This logout request will start an RP-Initiated Logout and the user will be redirected to the OpenID Connect Provider to logout where a user may be asked to confirm the logout is indeed intended.

The user will be returned to the endpoint post logout page once the logout has been completed if the quarkus.oidc.logout.post-logout-path property is set. For example, if the endpoint address is https://application.com/webapp and the quarkus.oidc.logout.post-logout-path is set to "/signin" then the user will be returned to https://application.com/webapp/signin (note this URI must be registered as a valid post_logout_redirect_uri in the OpenID Connect Provider).

If the quarkus.oidc.logout.post-logout-path is set then a q_post_logout cookie will be created and a matching state query parameter will be added to the logout redirect URI and the OpenID Connect Provider will return this state once the logout has been completed. It is recommended for the Quarkus web-app applications to check that a state query parameter matches the value of the q_post_logout cookie which can be done for example in a JAX-RS filter.

Note that a cookie name will vary when using OpenID Connect Multi-Tenancy. For example, it will be named q_post_logout_tenant_1 for a tenant with a tenant_1 id, etc.

Accessing ID and Access Tokens

ID Token is always a JWT token. One can access ID Token claims by injecting JsonWebToken with an IdToken qualifier:

import javax.inject.Inject;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.jwt.JsonWebToken;
import io.quarkus.oidc.IdToken;
import io.quarkus.security.Authenticated;

@Path("/web-app")
@Authenticated
public class ProtectedResource {

    @Inject
    @IdToken
    JsonWebToken idToken;

    @GET
    public String getUserName() {
        return idToken.getName();
    }
}

Access Token is usually used by the OIDC web-app application to access other endpoints on behalf of the currently logged in user. The raw access token can be accessed as follows:

import javax.inject.Inject;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.jwt.JsonWebToken;
import io.quarkus.oidc.AccessTokenCredential;
import io.quarkus.security.Authenticated;

@Path("/web-app")
@Authenticated
public class ProtectedResource {

    @Inject
    JsonWebToken accessToken;

    // or
    // @Inject
    // AccessTokenCredential accessTokenCredential;

    @GET
    public String getReservationOnBehalfOfUser() {
        String rawAccessToken = accessToken.getRawToken();
        //or
        //String rawAccessToken = accessTokenCredential.getToken();

        // Use the raw access token to access a remote endpoint
        return getReservationfromRemoteEndpoint(rawAccesstoken);
    }
}

Note that AccessTokenCredential will have to be used if the Access Token issued to the Quarkus web-app application is opaque (binary) and can not be parsed to JsonWebToken. However the opaque access tokens are not currently supported by the web-app applications.

Injection of the JsonWebToken and AccessTokenCredential is supported in both @RequestScoped and @ApplicationScoped contexts.

Configuration Reference

Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property

Type

Default

If the OIDC extension is enabled.

boolean

true

A unique tenant identifier. It must be set by TenantConfigResolver providers which resolve the tenant configuration dynamically and is optional in all other cases.

string

If this tenant configuration is enabled.

boolean

true

The application type, which can be one of the following values from enum ApplicationType.

web-app, service

service

The maximum amount of time the adapter will try connecting to the currently unavailable OIDC server for. For example, setting it to '20S' will let the adapter keep requesting the connection for up to 20 seconds.

Duration

The base URL of the OpenID Connect (OIDC) server, for example, 'https://host:port/auth'. OIDC discovery endpoint will be called by appending a '/.well-known/openid-configuration' path segment to this URL. Note if you work with Keycloak OIDC server, make sure the base URL is in the following format: 'https://host:port/auth/realms/{realm}' where '{realm}' has to be replaced by the name of the Keycloak realm.

string

Relative path of the RFC7662 introspection service.

string

Relative path of the OIDC service returning a JWK set.

string

Relative path of the OIDC end_session_endpoint.

string

Public key for the local JWT token verification.

string

The client-id of the application. Each application has a client-id that is used to identify the application

string

Path to the claim containing an array of groups. It starts from the top level JWT JSON object and can contain multiple segments where each segment represents a JSON object name only, example: "realm/groups". Use double quotes with the namespace qualified claim names. This property can be used if a token has no 'groups' claim but has the groups set in a different claim.

string

Separator for splitting a string which may contain multiple group values. It will only be used if the "role-claim-path" property points to a custom claim whose value is a string. A single space will be used by default because the standard 'scope' claim may contain a space separated sequence.

string

Expected issuer 'iss' claim value.

string

Expected audience 'aud' claim value which may be a string or an array of strings.

list of string

Life span grace period in seconds. When checking token expiry, current time is allowed to be later than token expiration time by at most the configured number of seconds. When checking token issuance, current time is allowed to be sooner than token issue time by at most the configured number of seconds.

int

Name of the claim which contains a principal name. By default, the 'upn', 'preferred_username' and sub claims are checked.

string

Refresh expired ID tokens. If this property is enabled then a refresh token request is performed and, if successful, the local session is updated with the new set of tokens. Otherwise, the local session is invalidated as an indication that the session at the OpenID Provider no longer exists. This option is only valid when the application is of type ApplicationType#WEB_APP}.

boolean

false

Forced JWK set refresh interval in minutes.

Duration

10M

Client secret which is used for a 'client_secret_basic' authentication method. Note that a 'client-secret.value' can be used instead but both properties are mutually exclusive.

string

string

basic, post

client_secret_jwt: JWT which includes client id as one of its claims is signed by the client secret and is submitted as a 'client_assertion' form parameter, while 'client_assertion_type' parameter is set to "urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer".

string

JWT life-span in seconds. It will be added to the time it was issued at to calculate the expiration time.

int

10

The host (name or IP address) of the Proxy. Note: If OIDC adapter needs to use a Proxy to talk with OIDC server (Provider), then at least the "host" config item must be configured to enable the usage of a Proxy.

string

The port number of the Proxy. Default value is 80.

int

80

The username, if Proxy needs authentication.

string

The password, if Proxy needs authentication.

string

Relative path for calculating a "redirect_uri" query parameter. It has to start from a forward slash and will be appended to the request URI’s host and port. For example, if the current request URI is 'https://localhost:8080/service' then a 'redirect_uri' parameter will be set to 'https://localhost:8080/' if this property is set to '/' and be the same as the request URI if this property has not been configured. Note the original request URI will be restored after the user has authenticated.

string

If this property is set to 'true' then the original request URI which was used before the authentication will be restored after the user has been redirected back to the application.

boolean

true

Remove the query parameters such as 'code' and 'state' set by the OIDC server on the redirect URI after the user has authenticated by redirecting a user to the same URI but without the query parameters.

boolean

true

Force 'https' as the 'redirect_uri' parameter scheme when running behind an SSL terminating reverse proxy. This property, if enabled, will also affect the logout post_logout_redirect_uri and the local redirect requests.

boolean

false

list of string

Cookie path parameter value which, if set, will be used for the session and state cookies. It may need to be set when the redirect path has a root different to that of the original request URL.

string

Certificate validation and hostname verification, which can be one of the following values from enum Verification. Default is required.

required, none

required

The relative path of the logout endpoint at the application. If provided, the application is able to initiate the logout through this endpoint in conformance with the OpenID Connect RP-Initiated Logout specification.

string

Relative path of the application endpoint where the user should be redirected to after logging out from the OpenID Connect Provider. This endpoint URI must be properly registered at the OpenID Connect Provider as a valid redirect URI.

string

Additional properties which will be added as the query parameters to the authentication redirect URI.

Map<String,String>

required

Additional named tenants

Type

Default

A unique tenant identifier. It must be set by TenantConfigResolver providers which resolve the tenant configuration dynamically and is optional in all other cases.

string

If this tenant configuration is enabled.

boolean

true

The application type, which can be one of the following values from enum ApplicationType.

web-app, service

service

The maximum amount of time the adapter will try connecting to the currently unavailable OIDC server for. For example, setting it to '20S' will let the adapter keep requesting the connection for up to 20 seconds.

Duration

The base URL of the OpenID Connect (OIDC) server, for example, 'https://host:port/auth'. OIDC discovery endpoint will be called by appending a '/.well-known/openid-configuration' path segment to this URL. Note if you work with Keycloak OIDC server, make sure the base URL is in the following format: 'https://host:port/auth/realms/{realm}' where '{realm}' has to be replaced by the name of the Keycloak realm.

string

Relative path of the RFC7662 introspection service.

string

Relative path of the OIDC service returning a JWK set.

string

Relative path of the OIDC end_session_endpoint.

string

Public key for the local JWT token verification.

string

The client-id of the application. Each application has a client-id that is used to identify the application

string

Path to the claim containing an array of groups. It starts from the top level JWT JSON object and can contain multiple segments where each segment represents a JSON object name only, example: "realm/groups". Use double quotes with the namespace qualified claim names. This property can be used if a token has no 'groups' claim but has the groups set in a different claim.

string

Separator for splitting a string which may contain multiple group values. It will only be used if the "role-claim-path" property points to a custom claim whose value is a string. A single space will be used by default because the standard 'scope' claim may contain a space separated sequence.

string

Expected issuer 'iss' claim value.

string

Expected audience 'aud' claim value which may be a string or an array of strings.

list of string

Life span grace period in seconds. When checking token expiry, current time is allowed to be later than token expiration time by at most the configured number of seconds. When checking token issuance, current time is allowed to be sooner than token issue time by at most the configured number of seconds.

int

Name of the claim which contains a principal name. By default, the 'upn', 'preferred_username' and sub claims are checked.

string

Refresh expired ID tokens. If this property is enabled then a refresh token request is performed and, if successful, the local session is updated with the new set of tokens. Otherwise, the local session is invalidated as an indication that the session at the OpenID Provider no longer exists. This option is only valid when the application is of type ApplicationType#WEB_APP}.

boolean

false

Forced JWK set refresh interval in minutes.

Duration

10M

Client secret which is used for a 'client_secret_basic' authentication method. Note that a 'client-secret.value' can be used instead but both properties are mutually exclusive.

string

string

basic, post

client_secret_jwt: JWT which includes client id as one of its claims is signed by the client secret and is submitted as a 'client_assertion' form parameter, while 'client_assertion_type' parameter is set to "urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer".

string

JWT life-span in seconds. It will be added to the time it was issued at to calculate the expiration time.

int

10

The host (name or IP address) of the Proxy. Note: If OIDC adapter needs to use a Proxy to talk with OIDC server (Provider), then at least the "host" config item must be configured to enable the usage of a Proxy.

string

The port number of the Proxy. Default value is 80.

int

80

The username, if Proxy needs authentication.

string

The password, if Proxy needs authentication.

string

Relative path for calculating a "redirect_uri" query parameter. It has to start from a forward slash and will be appended to the request URI’s host and port. For example, if the current request URI is 'https://localhost:8080/service' then a 'redirect_uri' parameter will be set to 'https://localhost:8080/' if this property is set to '/' and be the same as the request URI if this property has not been configured. Note the original request URI will be restored after the user has authenticated.

string

If this property is set to 'true' then the original request URI which was used before the authentication will be restored after the user has been redirected back to the application.

boolean

true

Remove the query parameters such as 'code' and 'state' set by the OIDC server on the redirect URI after the user has authenticated by redirecting a user to the same URI but without the query parameters.

boolean

true

Force 'https' as the 'redirect_uri' parameter scheme when running behind an SSL terminating reverse proxy. This property, if enabled, will also affect the logout post_logout_redirect_uri and the local redirect requests.

boolean

false

list of string

Additional properties which will be added as the query parameters to the authentication redirect URI.

Map<String,String>

required

Cookie path parameter value which, if set, will be used for the session and state cookies. It may need to be set when the redirect path has a root different to that of the original request URL.

string

Certificate validation and hostname verification, which can be one of the following values from enum Verification. Default is required.

required, none

required

The relative path of the logout endpoint at the application. If provided, the application is able to initiate the logout through this endpoint in conformance with the OpenID Connect RP-Initiated Logout specification.

string

Relative path of the application endpoint where the user should be redirected to after logging out from the OpenID Connect Provider. This endpoint URI must be properly registered at the OpenID Connect Provider as a valid redirect URI.

string

About the Duration format

The format for durations uses the standard java.time.Duration format. You can learn more about it in the Duration#parse() javadoc.

You can also provide duration values starting with a number. In this case, if the value consists only of a number, the converter treats the value as seconds. Otherwise, PT is implicitly prepended to the value to obtain a standard java.time.Duration format.

References